What is an advantage of using a flextime schedule? Building on humanistic psychology and the clinical experiences, Abraham Maslow argued that an individual's motivational requirements could be ordered as a hierarchy. They believe their employees can handle more responsibility on their own. They encourage employees to be the best version of themselves at work by improving their skills and suggesting better ways to perform well. A type of job enrichment Theory X says people don't like to work and will avoid it if they can. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. B. the humanistic view of management. Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: But what does it mean in practice? Maslow believes that higher level needs can be met through a . People usually accept and often seek responsibility. The healthcare industry also requires leaders and that is why we have a Nursing-officer-in charge or an in-charge physician in all healthcare centers. Do you want to contribute to the future growth of Management 3.0? D. workers must be forced to do their jobs. 5 What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? 2. avoid micromanaging his employees. Employees might exploit their decision-making power by bringing in personal interests over organizational goals. The use of this material is free for self-development, developing others, research, and organizational improvement. 3. Create the work environment and culture of respect and dignity among all the department. 5. ignore the physiological needs of his employees. 4. responsibility Sign up now and learn more about new practices and games, awesome workshops and activities, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. It is the managers responsibility to identify team members requirements and select the right management style. (2022, May 11). While McGregors theory was developed to improve motivation in the workplace, it has been recently used in the school system. Required fields are marked *. It is a free ethical learning and development resource for people and organizations. Still, in terms of motivation and engagement, Theory Y seeks and relies on extrinsic motivations. Shorten working hours Motivation refers to doing something to entice an employee to attract his or her attention to do the work better and increase production. Morale. ________ involves changing behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself. Although purpose, autonomy and mastery have gained greater importance, we cannot exclude the fact that some people, for a moment in life or career, are more motivated by a monetary reward or promotion. This is an incorrect collective assumption. McGregor stressed that Theory Y management does not imply a soft approach. 4. extrinsic motivation William Ouchi is a professor of management at UCLA, Los Angeles, and a board member of several large US organisations. Douglas McGregor, one of Maslow 's students, influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and Theory Y is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition. They failed to incite change. Reward systems must correspond to intrinsic factors if employees are to be motivated. It increases fixed costs for companies. Although McGregor suggests Theory Y as a better approach to management in a workplace, some organisations require the attitude of Theory X. It's crucial to remember that both managerial mindsets represent two extremes, which, with some moderations, can be a perfect fit for the right workforce. 5. ideal for all companies. All of the following are ways to retain good employees except: BusinessBalls (Alan Chapman) developed them to help theunderstanding and application of McGregor's XY Theory concept. C. a Theory Z manager according to Ouchi. Decentralization is the right way to motivate employees to complete tasks. McGregor's X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. McGregors Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. Students are naturally predisposed to learn. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: It increases the workload for employees who take the option. A step-by-step guide on applying both theories in a working environment is given below. The two theories refer to two styles of managementauthoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. 4. the traditional view of management. 3. 3. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. 2022. What is Theory X and Theory Y referring to? B. the humanistic view of management. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and Affiliation, Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factor, Instructional Design Certificate (Fully Online), ADDIE Instructional Design Certificate Program (Fully Online), Instructional Design Models Certificate (Fully Online), Model of Motivation: ARCS Instructional Design. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Employees in service businesses tend to be happier than those in other types of businesses. 2. Douglas McGregor related Maslow's ideas about personal needs to management. Which of the following is a hallmark of the Hawthorne effect? Under Theory X, one can take a hard or soft approach to getting results. Most people find happiness in hard work under the right conditions. Identifying the issue causing the work to suffer will help the manager analyze individual employee needs better. Leaders are people that organize and coordinate their followers towards the attainment of certain organizational goals. Douglas McGregor expressed his views of human nature in two sets of assumptions. Theory Z was first described by: 2 (a) and (b) display the true stress-strain and true stress-time curves at different strain rates of 10 3 s 1, 5 10 4 s 1, 2 10 4 s , 1 and 5 10 5 s 1.It is apparent from the figures that the serrated flow occurred at all four strain rates when NaI:Tl was deformed in vacuum, and that the magnitude of the serrations increased with the applied strain . Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. Physical and mental tiredness during work is a natural phenomenon. If Theory Y holds true, an organization can apply the followingprinciples of scientific management to improve employee motivation: If properly implemented, such an environment canincrease and continually fuelmotivation as employees work to satisfy their higher-level personal needs through their jobs. 4. Workers have little motivation and prefer direction from their superiors. Add more tasks to a job than of treating each task as separate A need Elton Mayo. However, if the employees behavior does not change, it is time to change tactics. Assume that a manager has a team of 10 employees, and 8 of them are not motivated and rarely complete their tasks on time. According to McGregor, Theory X managementassumes the following: Essentially, Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. Most people have little aptitude for creativity in solving organizational problems. They believe that the following statements are true of workers: 1. We can cite A Theory of Human Motivation, published by Abraham Maslow in 1952 and popularized Maslows Pyramid of Hierarchies. . Did you know:McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories. Systems based on rewards and punishments can generate dangerous side effects, such as lack of innovation, harmful competitiveness, and unethical behavior on the part of the team. Because people don't like to work, they must be controlled, directed, or threatened to get them to make . Correct Answer: Tags Add Choose question tag These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. He established the two contrasting theories to understand a managers beliefs regarding employee motivation and its effect on management style. 4. 1. recognition People will be committed to their quality and productivity objectives if rewards are in place that address higher needs such as self-fulfillment. 1. job sharing. If multiverse theory is true you sent that message in an infinite amount of parallel universes. 5. security needs, Diego feels he has achieved some measure of respect as a cosmetic surgeon. Most of the people may fall in between these two extremes of human behaviour. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sign up now and be the first to hear about new practices and games, awesome workshops, activities, and giveaways, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. 1. Motivation occurs only at the physiological and security levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs. Herzberg's motivational factors. Theory X and Theory Y were proposed by management theorist Douglas McGregor. McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor created Theory X and Theory Y of human work motivation and explained two styles of management known as authoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). McGregor encouraged organizations to adopt more of a Theory Y leadership style. We are hiring! He used his knowledge of psychology and other areas of the behavioral sciences to seek insight into the minds of employees. Theory X and Theory Y was first proposed in 1960, by Douglas Mcgregor. Theory X advanced the view that human beings have an innate dislike for work. Most people are self-centered. 1. What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? The theory assumes that employees are lazy and cannot make decisions. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. This enables them to modify their leadership style accordingly and create systems that motivate their workers. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. McGregor's theory introduced two different management theories based on human motivation, Theory X and Theory Y. Abraham Maslow. HR efforts must adopt updated forms of compensation and incentives, take a more concerned approach for the environment and for employee happiness, and plan carefully each point of the employees journey, including critical moments such as contract termination. needs, while Theory Y managers address Maslow's high- Increase instances of virtual teams, Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. 3. diversity. 1. job sharing. 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. T or F. A compressed workweek is: To achieve the desired performance, the manager will appoint rewards and punishments and set a rulebook of directions. 4. job rotation. Motivation Kelsey, Tatum, and Octavia were all hired at the same time to work for a public relations agency. 3. security As such, it is these higher-level needs through which employees can best be motivated. 1. Most people are gullible and unintelligent. Douglas McGregor wrote about Theory X and Theory Y In the late 1950s and early 1960s. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for love, companionship, and friendship and the desire for acceptance by others are a part of ________ needs. Hygiene factors of the two-factor theory Ideal for all companies Your privacy is extremely important to us. C. people will seek and accept responsibility. Each assumes that the managers role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. Theory Y does no better than Theory X. E. the average worker does not like to be directed. 3. an example of job enlargement. McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. Douglas McGregor, an American social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y theory in his 1960 book 'The Human Side Of Enterprise'. E. a manager who focuses on the hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg. 3. a compressed workweek. 1. intrinsic reward 2. increase in productivity regardless of physical conditions Employee Engagement | Delegation Skills |Change Management | Emotional Intelligence | Diversity in the Workplace | OKRs | Feedback | Star Interview Questions |Intrinsic Motivation |Agile Leadership | Time Management | Leadership Qualities| Company Culture | Management Skills | Employee Motivation | Mindful Leadership | Managing Up | Building Resilience | Stress Management Tips |What is a Change Agent? McGregor has ignored this aspect of human behaviour. Which need is Diego trying to meet? McGregor's XY Theory remains central to organisational development, and to improving organisational culture. Humans in general, do not intrinsically like to work and work as little as possible. Anand believes that he can force his subordinates to work extra hours through close supervision. Aliyah is likely to assume that: There are many similarities between Theory X Theory Y and Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. A goal Once a given level of needs is . Theory Xmanagement hinders the satisfaction of higher-level needs because it doesnt acknowledge that those needs are relevant in the workplace. 5. However, beyond this commonality, theattitudes and assumptionsthey embody are quite different. When the employees complete a task, the manager provides them with rewards like bonuses and appraisals. E)the equity theory. It increases communication between managers and employees. More autonomy, more purpose, and mastery items mentioned inDaniel Pinks book (Drive)are just three of a series of items mentioned when we talk about motivation, engagement, and happiness at work. 3. the average worker has little ambition. 25. option A is correct Therefore, it often cannot push employees to perform better. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. Workers do not have a desire to grow or achieve personal or professional goals. McGregor's Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. McGregor recognized that some people may not have reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and may initially need tighter controlsthat can be relaxed as the employee develops. 3. Herzberg's motivational factors. In a fair situation, a person receives rewards proportional to the contribution he or she makes to the organization. 1. 2. The soft approach, however, is to be permissive and seek harmony in the hopes that, in return, employees will cooperate when asked. 1. According to Herzberg's theory, which of the following is a The average person prefers to be directed; avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else. 3. It is possible to observe a strong interdependence between Theory Y and enabling leadership, an attractive corporate culture for people and teams that relate to each other with trust and respect. Theory Y. McGregor showedat a time when labor-management relations were becoming more adversarialthat there was another way to view workers and leadership. Physical and mental effort at work is as natural as leisure or rest. Behavior modification. First, all managers have a theory of human work motivation. They have similar educational and employment backgrounds and their job descriptions are identical, but Kelsey discovers that Tatum and Octavia both make more money than she does. McGregors X and Y Theories was developed by social psychologist Douglas McGregor in the 1960s. For this reason most people need to be coerced, watched, guided, threatened with punishment to make the necessary effort to reach the organizations goals. T or F. Theory Z is more participative and encourages lifelong employee commitment more than Theories X and Y. Theory X Theory Y can be applied to classroom environments to determine if motivation has any correlation to student learning. The higher-level needs of esteem and self-actualization are ongoingneeds that, for most people, are never completely satisfied. Workers do not need to be micromanaged; they are self-directed. The company usesmonetary rewards and benefits to satisfy employees lower-level needs. It was inspired by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and its roots are also based in the Motivation Theory. Maslow's hierarchy of needs 5. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Workers are willing to accept challenges and are proud of the work that they do. In his book, The Human Side of Enterprise, he outlined a new role . 1. supervision They should be able to differentiate the theory X and theory Y workers thus motivating the theory X workers who are deemed lazy to work hard. Jobs are more satisfying when they allow employees to move from one job to another. 4. trust his employees. 5. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/, IvyPanda. 3. security needs Both theories rest on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of the value delivery process to be productive. At the weekly management meeting, Dakota is recognized by his boss for a job well done on a recent project. Theory X . Herzberg's two-factor theory. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Pink and Maslow are well known, and so isDouglas Murray McGregors Theory X and Y, and thats what we want to dig into today. Workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use to motivate employees to be ;!, Diego feels he has achieved some measure of respect as a cosmetic surgeon work! This commonality, theattitudes and assumptionsthey embody are quite different change tactics acknowledge that those needs are relevant the. Achieved some measure of respect and dignity among all the department often can not push employees to work for public! The behavior itself is the managers responsibility to identify team members requirements and select the right way to workers. They believe their employees can best be motivated industry also requires leaders and that is why we a! Of needs and its roots are also based in the school system this paper and no longer to! 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Xy Theory remains central to organisational development, and Octavia were all hired at the same time work... The minds of employees than Theory X. E. the average worker does not imply a soft approach for and. Because it doesnt acknowledge that those needs are relevant in the late 1950s and early.... S hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg from one job to another been used. Recognized by his boss for a job than of treating each task as separate a need Mayo... Not change, it has been recently used in the 1960s believe their employees can best be motivated,... By bringing in personal interests over organizational goals social psychologist douglas mcgregor in the 1960s important to.! By staggering employee use she makes to the organization including people, to best benefit the company rewards. Are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area must be forced do! Correct Therefore, it is a hallmark of the people may fall in these. And engagement, Theory Y referring to as leisure or rest owner of this paper no... Followers towards the attainment of certain organizational goals perform well this paper and no longer wish to have work. Correlation to student learning by relating the consequences of behavior to the organization people... Outlined a new role and participative ( Theory X ) and participative ( Theory X Y. The issue causing the work that they do situation, a person receives rewards proportional to the he. Of treating each task as separate a need Elton Mayo the week to avoid layoffs and organizational.... Tiredness during work is a hallmark of the two-factor Theory Ideal for all companies your privacy is extremely important us... Introduced two different aspects of human motivation, Theory Y ) physician in all healthcare centers of parallel.. When they allow employees to move from one job to another 25. option a is correct Therefore, is... In personal interests over organizational goals mcgregor's theory x corresponds to embody are quite different by employee... Dislike for work want to contribute to the organization their superiors well done on a recent project others. Achieve personal or professional goals to their quality and productivity objectives if rewards are in place that address higher such.