It appears to have archaic features that suggest it is the oldest form of Kashmiri folk singing. Southeast However, the problems of Kashmiri Pandits have not "We cannot go back in the conditions prevailing in Kashmir. The government should set up self-contained townships exclusively for returning Pandits, Dhar says. Matters came to a head on January 19. A day after a Kashmiri Pandit's killing in Pulwama, the Bharatiya Janta Party on Monday held protests at several places in Kashmir. More importantly, Pandit youth are doing well materially and professionally in cities outside Kashmir. The communal violence of April 2022 was more the norm than the exception in the city of Khambhat. In February 1990 the month after the exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits, Amanullah Khan told an interviewer, Yes, it was [a long-term plan]it had to be well WebSrinagar: The latest killing of a Kashmiri Pandit in Pulwama district has revived the climate of insecurity and fear in the Valley, and allegations that the Jammu and Kashmir administration has failed to protect the minority Hindu community. [19] The actions of Sultan Sikandar Butshikan (13891413), the seventh Muslim ruler in Kashmir were also significant to the area. [67][failed verification] The shrine is located in Tullamulla village, 24km from Srinagar in Ganderbal district. According to a J&K government report, 219 members of the community had been killed in the region between 1989 and 2004 but none thereafter. Rubaiya was the daughter of Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, then the Home minister of India in the Janata Dal government led by V. P. Singh. But within two years, the Centre broke up the NC, and installed dissident Ghulam Mohammed Shah as Chief Minister. Newly appointed, he had arrived in Srinagar on January 19. An Indian paramilitary soldier takes a selfie as Kashmiri Hindu devotees known as pandits offer prayers during the annual festival at the Kheer Bhawani temple in Tul Mul, outskirts of Srinagar, India, June 20, 2018. On January 19, Kashmiri Pandits across the world observed Holocaust Day. It was on that day 30 years ago that the Pandit exodus from the Kashmir Valley began. WebThe Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus, or Pandits, is their early-1990 migration, or flight, from the Muslim-majority Kashmir valley in Indian-administered Kashmir following rising violence in an insurgency.Of a total Pandit population of 120,000140,000 some 90,000100,000 left the valley or felt compelled to leave, and about 30 were killed. WebNew Delhi: Recalling the dreadful images and horrors of the years that followed post the advent of militancy in Kashmir, Kashmiri Pandits urged the Central government to 'relocate' them to their native lands with respect and dignity and called for unity amongst the 'Kashmiri Pandits'. Asia, Asia But as the situation in Kashmir spiralled into a full-blown militancy, return began to look remote if not impossible. It was at this meeting that pro-Pakistan separatist Syed Ali Shah Geelani suddenly appeared and made a passionate plea for openly supporting jihad in Kashmir. The outcome of this shift both in population and in religion was that the Kashmir Valley became a predominantly Muslim region. The events of 19 January 1990 were particularly vicious. Gen. Li Shangfu, with deep ties to Chinas military space enterprises, is widely expected to become Chinas next minister of defense. Because the truth is worth it.). WebPersian began to be used as the court language in Kashmir during the 14th centuries, under the influence of Islam. Tens of thousands of Kashmiris and Indian security personnel have lost their lives in the violence that engulfed the region. The Hindu minority in Muslim majority Kashmir shrank from an estimated 140,000 in the late 1980s to 19,865 by 1998. It laid down measures for the integration of Jammu and Kashmir to India, ensuring that it will continue to be governed under Article 370 of the Constitution, which gave the state an autonomous status as a constituent of India. 2023 Diplomat Media Inc. All Rights Reserved. Many Pandits, especially the youth, feel little emotional or cultural connect to their Kashmiri heritage and homeland. Besides being the right thing to do, apologies bring diplomatic and political gains in a region haunted by colonial and imperial atrocities. The migrants included some Pandits, although it is possible that some of this community relocated for economic reasons as much as to escape the new rulers. 20 per cent of them left the valley as a consequence of the 1950 land reforms,[27] and by 1981 the Pandit population amounted to 5 per cent of the total. Asia, Southeast Muslims argue that by arranging for buses to transport Pandits out of the Valley, Jagmohan facilitated their flight, paving the way for the Indian security forces to launch an all-out military offensive against Muslims. Twenty of Pakistans poorest districts have been chosen for implementation of the Ministry of Plannings development plan for 2022-2027. News. Much has changed in Jammu and Kashmir. [68], The Kashmiri Pandits festivals include Shivratri (or Herath in the Kashmiri language) which is one of the major festivals of Kashmiri Pandits. With the support of the Indian National Congress, National Conference leader Sheikh Abdullah formed a government as chief minister in 1975. [72], Henzae is an ancient traditional form of singing practised by Kashmiri Pandits at their festivals. [35] The government has reported on the terrorist threats to Pandits still living in the Kashmir region. China is drawing lessons from Russias invasion of Ukraine. WebThe Jammu and Kashmir Government and Government of India have failed squarely to protect the Kashmiri Pandits against Islamic terrorism. He respected the learning of these Pandits, to whom he gave land as well as encouraging those who had left to return. The crimes committed against the Kashmiri Pandits are, by any yardstick, deserving of the strongest condemnation and there can be no gainsaying the acute [54] Ikkjutt Jammu, a political party in Jammu and Kashmir, advocates for two Union Territories in Kashmir, one being Panun Kashmir for Kashmiri Hindus. Shortly afterwards, Amanullah Khan and Mohammad Maqbool Bhat gave birth to the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) in 1977, whose goal was to work towards the 'liberation' of Kashmir from India and Pakistan. [34] Many of the refugee Kashmiri Pandits have been living in abject conditions in refugee camps of Jammu. A number of Kashmiri Muslims, National Conference leaders, and Indian government officials were also terrorised. Even today Congress was in opposition during Kashmir Pandit exodus: Madhya Pradesh ex-CM Digvijaya Singh Waiting for the triple product launch & spec reveal by OnePlus on 28th April? Hit lists of Pandits were in circulation. They couldnt. The years 1984 to 1990 were years of lawlessness and political turmoil in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, particularly in the Kashmi According to some estimates, notably by the Kashmiri Pandit Sangharsh Samiti (KPSS), of 75,343 Kashmiri Pandit families in January 1990, more than 70,000 fled between 1990 and 1992. The flight continued until 2000. [15], A historically contested region, Northern India was subject to attack from Turkic and Arab regimes from the eighth century onwards, but they generally ignored the mountain-circled Kashmir Valley in favour of easier pickings elsewhere. I don't see why they won't pull up a Kashmiri Muslim/Pandit from their car or check their house if they suspect anything. A township of two-room tenements called Jagti was built in Jammu in the last decade to house 4,000-5,000 Pandit families who remained there. Black Day: January 19 is observed as the Holocaust day by the Kashmiri Pandit community. He operated a meritocracy and both Brahmins and Buddhists were among his closest advisors. There is an acute realisation in the community that the Valley is no longer the same that they left behind in 1990. The Sultan has been referred to as an iconoclast because of his destruction of many non-Muslim religious symbols and the manner in which he forced the population to convert or flee. A section of Kashmiri Muslim youth was radicalised, armed, and tutored in Islamic fundamentalism. Learn More. [59], Scholar Christopher Snedden states that the Pandits made up about 6 per cent of the Kashmir Valley's population in 1947. The 1989 capitulation to the JKLF in the kidnapping of Mufti Sayeeds daughter set the stage for the next decade. During the period of After their husbands killings, these women desperately sought to protect their sons from ongoing violence, even as they are largely shunned by society. And the Prime Minister has said that the truth is coming out. [41], In 2010, the Government of Jammu and Kashmir noted that 808 Pandit families, comprising 3,445 people, were still living in the Valley and that financial and other incentives put in place to encourage others to return there had been unsuccessful. Men, too, might adopt stylish arrangements and wear flowers in their hair, if they had the financial means to do so. Exodus came with a night-long hysteria. WebPersian began to be used as the court language in Kashmir during the 14th centuries, under the influence of Islam. Successive governments have promised that they will help this process, but the situation on the ground in Kashmir has meant this remains only an intention. At that time in Central BJP+JD were in power and in J&K JKNC (Farooq Abdullah) was in power. Although Farooq Abdullah was with full majority, he wa Many Pandits celebrated the Indian government move as they believe it will pave the way for their return to the Valley. You are not allowed to edit this article at this level. The Kashmiri Muslim view of the exodus is that he encouraged the Pandits to leave the Valley and thus gave a communal colour to what was until then a non-religious Kashmiri cause. [24][25][26], The Kashmiri Pandits had been a favoured section of the population of the valley during Dogra rule (18461947). 22 Mar 2022. Pandits have generally been in favor of Kashmirs closer integration with India. Their numbers would swell in the following months. One of the deadliest attacks on Kashmiri Pandits in the Valley took place in 2003, more than a decade after the peak of the exodus. ISI-sponsored Pro-Pakistan outfit, Hizbul Mujahideen, was founded in 1989. [60] By 1950, their population declined to 5 per cent as many Pandits moved to other parts of India due to the uncompensated land redistribution policy, the unsettled nature of Kashmir's accession to India and the threat of economic and social decline. Even so, small numbers remain. Agnihotri's rendition then suggests that this was among the factors that contributed to the exodus on 19 January, even though the threat was reported to have been published on 14 April, three months after the night of terror. "There has been continuing lack of engagement by the government of India with the community. The crimes committed against the Kashmiri Pandits are, by any yardstick, deserving of the strongest condemnation and there can be no gainsaying the acute According to P.K.Verma, "Education was a common thread that bound together this pan Indian elite" and almost all the members of these communities could read and write English and were educated beyond school. Chinese military sources can tell us exactly what the PLA is learning. WebMaybe. Journalist-lawyer Prem Nath Bhat was shot dead in Anantnag on December 27. The revelation that a Chinese surveillance balloon entered the country's airspace earlier this month has been met with a curiously muted government response. Even our Muslim friends were caught up in the Islamist frenzy of that period, Dhar recalled. [75], The Kashmiri Pandits are divided into three subcastes: Guru/Bchabat (priests), Jotish (astrologers), and Krkun (who were historically mainly employed by the government). [9][60] In addition, there are hundreds of families living in government tenements in Purkhoo on the outskirts of Jammu, in Nagrota and in Muthi. The debate over the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits has been reignited after the release of 'Kashmir Files'. BJP leader Subramanian Swamy on Saturday said it was not the then chief minister Farooq Abdullah, but the then prime minister VP Singh and his home minister Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, that were responsible for the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits from the Valley. As the BJP continues to promise that Kashmiri Pandits will return, and #HumWapasJayenge trends on social media, Kashmiri Muslims also see the return of Pandits as essential, but reject the idea of their settlement in secured camps as a replication of Israel-like Jewish settlements in the West Bank. Approximately 2,17,000 Pandits still live in abysmal conditions in Jammu with families of five to six people often huddled into a small room. On January 19, 1990, the Vally witnessed the most gruesome night in the history of the exodus of Kashmiri WebThe Exodus It was 19 th of January, 1990 and days were cold and nights bitter, though there was no snow on the ground. kashmiri pandit man Blogs, Comments and Archive News on Economictimes.com Subscribe To Our Daily Newsletter And Get News Delivered Straight To Your Inbox. [56][57] They were distributed into the two districts of Valley, the Baramulla district, where Hindus constituted 2.1 percent of the population; 12,919 Hindus out of 612,428 total. Best of 2022: The Kashmir Files, a narrative set against the backdrop of militancy, has been held up as the truth of Kashmir by its director. Kashmiri Pandits are Hindu Kashmiris native to the Kashmir Valley, and the only remaining Hindu Kashmiris after the large-scale of conversion of the Valley's population to Islam during the medieval times. That night, the politically-disturbed Valley reverberated with war cries, communal calls, and threats to Pandits. Further, in the same year, the Rajiv Gandhi-led Congress government at the Centre unlocked the gates of the disputed Babri Masjid-Ram Janmabhoomi temple for Hindu worship. It sent shock waves through the Pandit community. Socially and morally too the court and the country had sunk to the depths of degradations. Today, Tickoo says there are fewer than 3,400 Pandits in Kashmir. This is a difficult question. Its like asking if Tamilnadu belongs to Tamilians or India Lets in fact take the Case of Tamil Nadu Tamil nadu is a s In Jammus Jagti migrant camp, where at least 20,000 migrant Kashmiri Pandits live, the residents have been protesting for the past 146 days. But local politicians said the situation was far from normal, and Manish Sisodia Delhi excise policy case: how the right against self-incri What was the UN event representatives of Nithyanandas Kailasa attended? [65] The Mata Kheerbhawani[66] temple shrine in Srinagar, considered one of the holiest Hindu shrines, saw the largest gathering of Kashmiri Pandits in the Kashmir valley in 2012. The 19th of January, 2020 marks the 30th anniversary of the exodus of Kashmiri Hindus from the valley. Sanjay Kumar, the father of three minor children who worked as a bank security guard, was shot dead in Achan Most of the Kashmiris fled during late hours, under the cover of the night. The majority of Kashmiri Brahmins are Krkuns, and this is likely due to the conversion of the majority of Kashmiris to Islam, which led to a decrease in demand for Hindu priests, which led most Kashmiri Brahmins to seek secular employment. Surinder Kaul, Co-founder of GKPD, said that Kashmiri Pandits' genocide is continuing even today and every death is bringing the community closer to extinction. The Hindu caste system of the Kashmir region was influenced by the influx of Buddhism from the time of Asoka, around the third century BCE, and a consequence of this was that the traditional lines of varna were blurred, with the exception of that for the Brahmins. Governor Jagmohan is criticised for not guaranteeing the safety of Kashmiri Pandits fleeing the Valley and for not stopping them with assurance of security. It is high time that drastic measures are taken to redress the situation," he said. In mosques and mass rallies, people shouted inflammatory and anti-Pandit slogans. With the completion of fifth year of their forced exile, this peace loving, culturally rich community with a history of more than 5000 years, is fighting a grim battle to save itself from becoming extinct as a distinct race and culture. A highly literate community, they were disproportionately represented in the Kashmir bureaucracy as well as in the teaching, legal, and medical professions, prompting resentment among other communities in the Valley, especially Muslims, who comprise over 95 percent of the population. No police commission, special investigation team (SIT), or judicial panel was constituted to probe the genocide-triggered exodus of Kashmiri Pandits. They are monthly cash relief/dry ration, Prime Minister's Relief Package 2008 & Prime Minister's Dev Package 2015. That changed in 1989-90. A majority of the Pandit refugees still live in refugee camps with spiralling health and economic problems. [17], The Brahmins had something to be particularly unhappy about during the reign of the last Lohara king, for Shadeva chose to include them in his system of onerous taxation, whereas previously they appear to have been exempted. [20][21] It was during the 14th century that the Kashmiri Pandits likely split into their three subcastes: Guru/Bchabat (priests), Jotish (astrologers), and Krkun (who were historically mainly employed by the government). On 21 January 1990, two days into the governor's rule, the paramilitary troops of the Central Police Reserve Force (CRPF) opened fire on a group of protesting In 1986, as opposition to the Shah government grew, Rajiv Gandhi resurrected Farooq Abdullah, who became CM once again. Asia, South A large number of Hindu houses were attacked, shops looted, and temples vandalised in Vanpoh, Anantnag, and Sopore, among others. It was evident that Kashmiri Muslims wanted us to leave the Valley, Ashok Dhar, who left Baramulla for Jammu on February 2, 1990, told The Diplomat. The lead up to the Kashmiri Hindu exodus In 1989, the then J&K Chief Minister Farooq Abdullah had ordered the release of around 70 terrorists between July [28], They began to leave in much greater numbers in the 1990s during the eruption of militancy, following persecution and threats by radical Islamists and militants. Surinder Kaul, Co-founder of GKPD, said that Kashmiri Pandits' genocide is continuing even today and every death is bringing the community closer to extinction. Vivek Agnihotri's film, The Kashmir Files, explores the tragic history of the Kashmiri Pandit exodus, positing itself as an account of the events that transpired in the Valley in the early 1990s. After the initial reaction of shock and awe, I messaged my friend, saying, This is not surprising. Advertisement. I've heard cases. More than 500000 Kashmiri Pandits migrated during the period of few weeks in 1990. For impactful stories you just cant miss, By subscribing you agree to our Privacy Policy. These organisations are involved in rehabilitation of the community in the valley through peace negotiations, mobilisation of human rights groups and job creation for the Pandits. Lalitaditya's predecessor, Ranaditya, is said to have built the first sun temple. Other commentary has pointed to how the government organised transport for fleeing Pandits so that they could get to Jammu. Indian forces are specially ordered to keep high surveillance on Kashmir and Kashmiris. Register to create an account, unlock various features at every User Access Level and enjoy the perks of being our Certified Editor. At best, the younger generation of Pandits look to Kashmir as a holiday destination. for Us, opposition to such Pandit-only settlements. They belong to the Pancha Gauda Brahmin group[8] from the Kashmir Valley,[9][10] a mountainous region located within the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The hotly contested circumstances of their departure between January and March 1990, the numbers, and the issue of their return are an important side to the Kashmir story that has fed into the Hindu-Muslim polarisation in India over the years, in turn fuelling the Hindu-Muslim chasm in the Valley. "There has been continuing lack of engagement by the government of India with the community. The VP Singh-led Janata Dal government at the Centre re-appointed Jagmohan as the governor of Jammu and Kashmir, triggering his political rival Farooq Abdullah's resignation from the post of chief minister. What is a whip in a state Assembly or Parliament? Singh to appoint Jagmohan as the governor of the state. On that day, mosques issued declarations that the Kashmiri Pandits were Kafirs and that the males had to leave Kashmir, convert to Islam or be killed. (Or if they're ordered by the regime to create intentional tension/chaos. [71] Frederick J. Simoons says that according to some reports, Kashmiri Pandits also consume fish as part of their diet. It marked a shift in the motivations behind the militancy in Kashmir hitherto driven primarily be a separatist sentiment, it now took a more communal colour and moved towards jihad. Frenzy of that period, Dhar recalled a number of Kashmiri Pandits across the world observed Holocaust day by regime... J & K JKNC ( Farooq Abdullah ) was in power and in religion was that truth! The events of 19 January 1990 were particularly vicious by Kashmiri Pandits have not We. Were caught up in the community NC, and installed dissident Ghulam Mohammed Shah as Chief Minister in.! 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Pandit man Blogs, Comments and Archive News on Economictimes.com Subscribe to our Daily and... Outcome of this shift both in population and in religion was that the region.