Analyzes the four sections: Strophe I, Antistrophe I, Strophe II, Antistrophe II and their purposes in the play. You dont look at any of my friends. In reciting the strophe, the chorus moves from the right of the stage to the left. Thomas Gray (1716-1771) and Ben Jonson (1572-1637) strived to create influential poems which stuck to the strict Pindaric structure. The moment to bridge the chasms that divides us has come. Nelson Mandela, For no government is better than the men who compose it, and I want the best, and we need the best, and we deserve the best. John F. Kennedy. In the choral odes of Greek drama each of these parts corresponded to a specific movement of the chorus as it performed that part. There are many variations of the ode. The individual parts are also referred to as the Turne, Counterturne and Stand. Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary # Epode (Poet) The after song; the part of a lyric ode which follows the strophe and antistrophe, -- the ancient ode being divided into strophe, antistrophe, and epode. The Pindaric odeis a ceremonious ode named after the ancient Greek poet Pindar (518-443BC). The use of me on that wall helps to drive home the speakers point and make the quote all the more memorable. [] Antistrophe noun. Modern Interpretations of the Greek Chorus, https://poemanalysis.com/poetic-form/strophe/, Poems covered in the Educational Syllabus. This section was chanted by the group as they stood still. Antistrophe: Just keep walking and don't look back. 1 A poem that doesn't follow any set structure and is open to experimentation.. 2 A rhymed ode that doesn't have a fixed number of lines per stanza. Hourly joys be still upon you! Hecuba faces the deepest of grief. The antistrophe responds to the strophe, but it does not have the last say. Every single person that visits Poem Analysis has helped contribute, so thank you for your support. Save when your own imperious branches swinging. antistrophe: [noun] the repetition of words in reversed order. In this strophe, the chorus rejoices at the end of a long skirmish, observing that the sun has returned now that the battle is over. The chorus function in tragedies was to provide context, pass judgements, summarise backstories and, at times, change the course of the narrative. In Greek, strophe means "turn," and antistrophe means "turn back." Nov 20, 2022. Sinonim antistrophe dan terjemahan antistrophe ke dalam 25 bahasa. Strophe, in poetry, a group of verses that form a distinct unit within a poem . The term can also refer to a section of a longer poem, such as an ode or epic. An antistrophe is the second part of an ode, and is meant to mirror the opening section, called the strophe. The term literally means "to return," which makes sense considering that the chorus proceeds in the opposite direction of the strophe; the antistrophe moves from left to right. What claim shocks them?, When the chorus, in anti-strophe 2, debate whether to believe Oedipus or Teiresias, with whom do they side? Amber Hathaway is an English teacher in the Boston area. Splitting the ode into three parts gave the chorus cues to move around the stage in a rhythmic, lively way. The antistrophe is the other half of the debate or further exploration of the argument initially presented in the strophe. Baldwin, Emma. If Casy knowed, why, Ill be in the way guys yell when theyre mad an Ill be in the way kids laugh when theyre hungry an they know suppers ready. For example, if the strophe was celebrating the achievements of an individual, the antistrophe may describe the adversity they faced. She begins here then by doing some psychology on herself. noun the part of an ancient Greek choral ode answering a previous strophe, sung by the chorus when returning from left to right. Words that end in a consonant other than l are generally masculine and those that end in a vowel are generally feminine. This day we fight! Originally, when the ode form was sung by choruses in ancient Greece, the strophe would be performed by moving from east to west. In both cases, the chorus moved across the stage in unison, chanting the three different sections aloud to the audience. This lesser-read Coleridge poem is a good example of an ode divided into stanzas, referred to as strophes. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. , (The Return of the King, by J. R. R. Tolkien). Sign up to highlight and take notes. This day we fight! Shakespeare, The Tempest (4.1.108-109; 116-17) Antistrophe is a rhetorical device thats concerned with the repetition of the same word or words at the end of consecutive phrases. The antistrophe serves as a response to the strophe, but it does not get the last word. Create your account. This repetition creates a rhythm while emphasizing the repeated phrase. Song structure in which the same music is repeated with every stanza (strophe) of the poem. Say, has he given in vain the heavenly Muse? "Antistrophe". Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like As ode 1 begins, what does the chorus remind the audience in strophe 1 and anti-strophe 1?, In strophe 2 and anti-strophe 2, the chorus reveals its astonishment at Teiresias' claims. These poems were rich with emotion and metaphorical language and would have been performed alongside music. The word "strophy" was first used by Alexander Pushkin in his 1823 collection of poems titled Stiches (Pins). It depicts the Welsh bard standing high above the King and invoking a curse upon him. Some poets would split their chorus into two, with half positioned on the right of the stage and half on the left. Baldwin, Emma. ( prosody) The section of an ode that the chorus chants as it moves from right to left across the stage. He speaks about how his allegiance to the movement shifted when they invaded Switzerland. I am part of both a poem and a performance. Now the long blade of the sun, lying [Strophe 1], Thebes of the Seven Gates. The strophe and antistrophe can repeat multiple times as the chorus moves back and forth. The antistrophe can be understood as the reversal of the strophe. that, wheresoeer ye roll. . Strophe and antistrophe are direct opposites to each other. Then, the ode concluded with the epode. The classical Greek chorus often consisted of up to 50 people who would sing and chant in unison! Below are a few quotes from important political speeches and documentsin which readers can find examples of antistrophe. The meaning of the term 'strophe' has been extended in modern times; it can now refer to a series of lines that form a section of a poem. Once the inciting action of the play is underway, the chorus then also comments on the events taking place, in some cases even speaking directly to the characters. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'literarydevices_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_7',114,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-literarydevices_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');The character of Tom Joad makes the above pronouncement to his mother in John Steinbecks novel The Grapes of Wrath. [2] Characteristics [ edit] Usage as a literary device [ edit] It has the nature of a reply and balances the effect of the strophe. This day we fight! Because the size of the chorus during ancient performances would vary greatly, sometimes the entire chorus would perform both the strophe and the antistrophe, and sometimes the chorus would be split down the middle, with only one half reciting the strophe. This is the first strophe from 'The Bard: A Pindaric Ode' (1757), Nor even thy virtues, tyrant, shall avail. In the 2nd and 3rd stanzas below, you can clearly see a contrast between the positive imagery of the initial stanza - or strophe - and the darker imagery of the following stanza- or antistrophe. In English poetry, the term antistrophe is often applied to any three-line stanza that follows a longer one in order to relieve tension or change of mood. The antistrophe has the same length and metrical pattern as the strophe. Michael Highsmith is a writer who enjoys sharing his knowledge on subjects such as writing, publishing, and journalism. Prosody. He shielded him and cared for him; he guarded him as the apple of his eye. A stanza with uneven lines. He repeats the words but it is not this day as a means of reminding those around him that this is their last chance to defend their world. Blank verse is a kind of poetry that is written in unrhymed lines but with a regular metrical pattern. These are often called "ode"s, although that word is also used for other kinds of poems. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. Odes were often recited byachorus. The antistrophe responds to the strophe in much the same way that the epode (finally) answers the proem. . The epode, or "after song," is the third and final section of the ode. I resist any thing better than my own diversity,Breathe the air but leave plenty after me,And am not stuck up, and am in my place. History of the Americas. In reciting the strophe, the chorus moves from the right of the stage to the left. Then, following the first stanza, the second stanza would be chanted/sung while the chorus moved back across the stage. Strophe noun. . Anastrophe means "turning around" in Greek. The fond complaint, my song, disprove, And justify the laws of Jove. Open, unlidded. This is seen in one of the examples below. The English odes were inconsistent with meter and length, contrasting with the classic victory odes, which were very strict in their three-part structure. Examples of Antistrophe: From Tolkein's Return of the King: A day may come when the courage of men fails, when we forsake our friends and break the bonds of fellowship, but it is not this day. The ode is a passionate, emotional form of poetry that traditionally honours a person, thing, or concept. Mans feeble race what ills await,Labour, and penury, the racks of pain,Disease, and sorrows weeping train,And death, sad refuge from the storms of fate!The fond complaint, my song, disprove,And justify the laws of Jove.Say, has he given in vain the heavenly Muse?Night, and all her sickly dews,Her spectres wan, and birds of boding cry,He gives to range the dreary sky:Till down the eastern cliffs afarHyperions march they spy, and glittering shafts of war. he divided the former into a strophe and antistrophe, and the latter he wrote as a . Think of the epode as the conclusion, where the poet summarises what he has previously said and ends the ode in a nice, neat way. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. And you certainly wouldnt condescend to speak to any of my friends. Everything you need for your studies in one place. daughter of Zeus, and on your sister, too. An when our folks eat the stuff they raise an live in the houses they build why, Ill be there. The antistrophe only complicates the issue and makes it difficult to see the correct answer or path for characters to take. But it is not this day! . Across the eddy and rush of Dirce's stream. Sign up to unveil the best kept secrets in poetry. The antistrophe followed the strophe and preceded the epode. The word strophe is also used to refer to a division within a poem. antistrophe, in Greek lyric odes, the second part of the traditional three-part structure. Though the original definition of antistrophe was confined only to the ode form, it has also been expanded to refer to a specific type of repetition. The next questions to be asked are: what importance does the strophe have as a separate entity from the antistrophe and the epode? His poem The Progress of Poesy is written in the traditional format of opening with a strophe, following with the antistrophe example excerpted above, and ending with an epode. Symbolism: Something or someone representing something else. Pindar. Of the first Edward scatter'd wild dismay, As down the steep of Snowdon's shaggy side. The stanzas within this poem are long, elaborately rhymed, and allude to the traditions of Greek lyric poetry. The lines of this part of the choral song. Here's another example of a simple sentence: "It's time to heal the wounds and bridge the chasms that divide us.". One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk: That thou, light-wingd Dryad of the trees. Fig 1 - Masks were often used to hide the identities of the performers in the chorus. Antistrophe One describes how man tames the beasts and birds. For example, in a love poem, one strophe might express joy at seeing its beloved, while the next would express grief at their separation. In Ode on a Grecian Urn, the poet is speaking to a Grecian Urn. Wherever theys a cop beatin up a guy, Ill be there An when our folk eat the stuff they raise an live in the houses they build why, Ill be there. Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? The use of Ill be there emphasizes this point, especially as it is repeated three times at the ends of three different lines. It is through you visiting Poem Analysis that we are able to contribute to charity. (in ancient Greek drama) a choral ode, especially in tragedy, divided into strophe and antistrophe: usually alternating with the epeisodion and, in the final ode, preceding the exodos. The strophe and antistrophe cannot repeat multiple times - they only occur once. The antistrophe and the strophe and structurally identical, but the epode has a new metrical structure. Describe the condition of the Thebans as the play begins. ( prosody) A pair of stanzas of alternating form on which the structure of a given poem is based. The chorus on the right side would begin by reciting the strophe; the chorus on the left would perform the antistrophe. Like in the following excerpt, the phrase but it is not this day comes repeatedly at the end: A day may come when the courage of men fails, when we forsake our friends and break all bonds of fellowship. But we're getting ahead of ourselves. The term can also be used to describe a section of a poem that uses this form. The pattern and rhythm created with the use of antistrophe enables writers to appeal to readers emotions, and helps them appreciate a text better. These first lines describe the poets feelings about libertythe most important theme at work within the poem and within the French Revolution (or at least the version of it he supported). They typically wore masks to be perceived as one entity rather than as individuals. The term is often used interchangeably with the word 'stanza'. Strophe Antistrophe Catastrophe - 2012 was released on: USA: 4 January 2012. . An ode is a lyric poem, usually addressing a particular person or thing. Poem Solutions Limited International House, 24 Holborn Viaduct,London, EC1A 2BN, United Kingdom, Discover and learn about the greatest poetry ever straight to your inbox, Antistrophe pronunciation: an-ti-struh-fee. The use of the technique in this passage helps create the song-like sound that these lines need. The antistrophe of Ill be there is meant to reassure his mother that his spirit will live on, no matter what. Readers will also encounter religious thoughts within the text. It is also a great example of the ways in which modern English writers attempted to reproduce the ode structure of Greek lyrical poems. In this excerpt, there is a clear example of antistrophe seen through the use of you at the ends of lines three, four, eleven, and twelve. This excerpt is one of the examples of antistrophe found in the Holy Bible. A strophe (/'stroUfi:/) is a poetic phrase that originally referred to the initial section of an ode in Ancient Greek tragedy, which was followed by the antistrophe and epode. Thrown headlong backward from the blaze of morning! Is a strophe a verse? Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. Theres a well-known example of antistrophe in the following lines from Shakespeares The Tempest. Is this true or false? Epode: The chorus moves to the middle of the stage. This story implies that Antigones punishment of being entombed is unjust. Thus, the antistrophe can be thought of as the counterpoint to the strophe. A good example of the relation between strophe and antisrophe in English language poetry can be found in Keats' "Ode to a Nightingale". Other writers who have taken inspiration from Greek odes are John Keats (1795-1821), William Wordsworth (1770-1850), Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822), Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) and John Dryden (1631-1700). Perhaps this is the most important thing for me to take back from beach-living: simply the memory that each cycle of the tide is valid, each cycle of the wave is valid, each cycle of a relationship is valid Relationships must be like islands, one must accept them for what they are here and now, within their limits islands, surrounded and interrupted by the sea. An hour of wolves, and shattered shields when the age of men comes crashing down! Which of the following is a function of antistrophe?A. Strophe A stropheis a poetic term originally referring to the first part of the ode in Ancient Greek tragedy, followed by the antistrophe and epode. These endings are known as feminine and masculine terminations. False. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'literarydevices_com-banner-1','ezslot_5',120,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-literarydevices_com-banner-1-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'literarydevices_com-banner-1','ezslot_6',120,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-literarydevices_com-banner-1-0_1');.banner-1-multi-120{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}The antistrophe was a very important part of the ode form of ancient Greece, which was, in turn, an extremely important form of literature that celebrated athletic victories and praised noble things and people. The word itself means "to turn back," which makes sense given that the chorus moves in the opposite direction of the strophe; for the antistrophe, the movement is left to right. In a desert land he found him, in a barren and howling waste. Kuki Educalingo digunakan untuk memperibadikan iklan dan mendapatkan statistik trafik laman web. The Tempest by William Shakespeare There's a well-known example of antistrophe in the following lines from Shakespeare's The Tempest. Copyright 2023 Literary Devices. Wherever theys a cop beatin up a guy, Ill be there. This parenthetical stanza has a nice example of antistrophe in that each line ends with the word place. Whitman notes that he is in his place, and then goes on to note that every other thing is in its place as well. As a rule, a strophic song contains between four and six sections, although seven or nine sections are not uncommon. When considered as a form of repetition, antistrophe works to highlight a certain word or phrase that the writer finds particularly important. 20 These words in Greek literally mean "turn" and "turn against." The chorus would dance across the stage while singing the strophe and then turn around and come back across during the antistrophe. Tom explains that he doesnt think he has his own soul, but instead shares a piece of a larger soul. He can always help himself. This creates rhythm in the literary piece. From Wiktionary Strophe Is Also Mentioned In Pindaric ode heptastich Pindaric the second of two metrically corresponding systems in a poem.Compare strophe (def. The poem was written in April 1798 and described the poets changing feelings regarding the French Revolution. Honor, riches, marriage, blessing, Long continuance, and increasing, Hourly joys be still upon you. The repetition of a word or words at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.C. In the following lines of John Steinbecks best-known novel, The Grapes of Wrath, readers can find a great example of antistrophe. Whose pathless march no mortal may control! An example of a strophe can be seen in Thomas Gray's 'The Bard: A Pindaric Ode'. of many flocks, reaping str. Sign up to unveil the best kept secrets in poetry. strophe - first section of an ode; a group of stanzas of alternating metrical form antistrophe - second section in a poem consisting of alternating stanzas in contrasting metrical form epode - third section that follows the strophe and antistrophe and completes the movement While the content and tone of these poems varied greatly, the form of the poems reflected that of Pindar's, showing how the Pindaric structure can be adapted to serve different functions. "Strophe". This in itself would not necessarily be that noteworthy, but in this moment the character of Juno is singing her blessings. It consists of an initial invocation, usually by one of the choruses, followed by three alternating lines of iambic trimeters (three unstressed syllables followed by two stressed syllables) that resolve into an epilogue. These provide information about the play, including background, allusions to events outside the plays scope, foreshadowing, flashbacks, and more. Manage Settings To downplay the importance of a word or phrase.C. Can you imagine the amount of practice required to perform in sync? . My fearful heart twists on the rack and shakes with fear. Answer and Explanation: Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! To save thy secret soul from nightly fears, From Cambria's curse, from Cambria's tears! Within Pindar's traditional odes, the primary purpose of the strophe, alongside the antistrophe and epode, was to celebrate triumphs and victories. noun The fourth part of the parabasis and first part of the epirrhematic syzygy. The . [. The Ode and Epode, the Strophe and the Antistrophe, he laughs to scorn. strophe in American English (stroufi) noun 1. the part of an ancient Greek choral ode sung by the chorus when moving from right to left 2. the movement performed by the chorus during the singing of this part 3. the first of the three series of lines forming the divisions of each section of a Pindaric ode 4. Midway the smooth and perilous slope reclined. It is related to Greek odes and the structure of poems. In Greek lyric odes, an epode is the third part of the three-part structure of the poem, following the strophe and the antistrophe. Antistrophe and anaphora are often compared to one another due to the fact that they are exact opposites. Hourly joys be still upon you! What was the main purpose of the strophe within Pindar's traditional odes? An hour of wolves and shattered shields, when the age of men comes crashing down, but it is not this day. A strophe ( / strofi /) is a poetic term originally referring to the first part of the ode in Ancient Greek tragedy, followed by the antistrophe and epode. Is this true or false? Here are some examples of strophes and their corresponding antistrophes: Strophe: I'm a wanderer, now forever lost Antistrophe: There is no home for me beyond the sky. Discover more Samuel Taylor Coleridge poems. Strophe: There's nothing left for me to do Antistrophe: Except walk out of my misery. A day may come, when the courage of men fails, when we forsake our friends, and break all bonds of fellowship, but it is not this day. As Milton says, "strophe, antistrophe and epode were a kind of stanza framed only for the music then used with the chorus that sang. The main purpose of the Pindaric ode was to celebrate victory and triumph, but they were also used regularly in Greek tragedies. strophe Plural: strophes Origin of Strophe Greek stroph a turning, stanza from strephein to turn streb (h)- in Indo-European roots From American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition From Ancient Greek (stroph", "a turn, bend, twist" ). Shakespeare has used this device frequently in his works, which can be noticed clearly here as well. Anastrophe Examples in Literature. Is this true or false? every excellence at its peak, str. The odes have complex stanza structure. The term has been extended to also mean a structural division of a poem containing stanzas of varying line length. Continue with Recommended Cookies. In the epode, the chorus comes together in the center of the stage and delivers a final stanza. Now let's look at the importance of the strophe in more detail. This story implies that Antigone's entombment is fair given her crime. Thomas Gray (1716-1771) is one of the poets regularly credited with reinterpreting the Pindaric Ode structure for the English language. The parts are the strophe, the antistrophe, and epode. .] Wherever theys a fight so hungry people can eat, Ill be there. A strophe is the first of three stanzas in a traditional Pindaric ode, which originated in ancient Greece in the 5th century BC. Most readers today encounter strophe and antistrophe in Ancient Greek plays such as "Oedipus the King" and "Antigone." The strophe and antistrophe are delivered by the chorus, who offer commentary throughout the play. They were often used to celebrate victors in Olympic games and other ancient Greek sporting events. noun In rhetoric: The reciprocal conversion of the same words in consecutive clauses or sentences: as, the master of the servant, the servant of the master. The strophe is the first stanza, or the first part, of a Greek ode. Stout Glo'ster stood aghast in speechless trance; To arms! Thus, even if he is not literally in a certain place, he will be there in soul form. In ancient Greece, these odes were typically chanted aloud to an audience by a chorus. ma [stas-uh-muh]. You dont know any of my friends. It is melodically identical in rhyme and . look no further for any star ant. By way of example, in Ode to Nightingale, John Keats is addressing the Nightingale. The strophe and antistrophe are delivered by the chorus, who offer commentary throughout the play. The Natural The Plague The Plot Against America The Portrait of a Lady The Power of Sympathy The Red Badge of Courage The Road The Road from Coorain The Sound and the Fury The Stone Angel The Stranger The Sun Also Rises The Temple of My Familiar The Three Musketeers The Unbearable Lightness Of Being The Wapshot Chronicle The Woman Warrior Examples of Antistrophe in Literature Example #1 Man's feeble race what ills await, Labour, and penury, the racks of pain, Disease, and sorrow's weeping train, And death, sad refuge from the storms of fate! Antistrophe ( Ancient Greek: , "a turning back" [1]) is the portion of an ode sung by the chorus in its returning movement from west to east in response to the strophe, which was sung from east to west. Examples of Strophes France: An Ode by Samuel Taylor Coleridge This lesser-read Coleridge poem is a good example of an ode divided into stanzas, referred to as strophes. 2. Color is an exception because it is commonly used as a noun but rarely as a verb. Both sections had the same number of lines and metrical pattern. Using strophe's broader modern definition, it can be difficult to distinguish between the terms as they are both terms that refer to how lines are grouped in poetry. Typically, every fourth line in a Pindaric ode would have a shorter length, but Gray's . One of the most well-known characters who speaks in anastrophe is Yoda from the Star Wars films. Strophe Two shows man's own growth and development through his use of language and the creation of homes. Antistrophe is similar to epistrophe, which also involves the repetition of words at the ends of successive clauses or sentences. Please continue to help us support the fight against dementia with Alzheimer's Research Charity. What is the rhyme scheme for the cremation of Sam McGee? Singular: antistrophe Plural: antistrophes Origin of Antistrophe Late Latin antistroph antistrophe of Greek tragedy from Greek strophic correspondence from antistrephein to turn back anti- back anti- strephein to turn strophe From American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition The strophe is the first stanza of the choral ode. Strophe is the opposite of antistrophe. antistrophe synonyms, antistrophe pronunciation, antistrophe translation, English dictionary definition of antistrophe. Strophe and Antistrophe are two major elements of the ode, a type of lyric poetry. The next section, the antistrophe, begins with: First I call on you, Athena the immortal. Poem Analysis, https://poemanalysis.com/literary-device/antistrophe/. Together with its partners, the antistrophe and the epode, the strophe has a deep, exciting history as part of the legendary Pindaric ode. Both choruses would then sing the epode together in harmony. It followed the strophe and came before the epode. While the celebratory nature of this verse closely resembles that of the traditional Pindaric ode, the information provided shows us the dual purpose of many odes in Greek tragedy to provide essential context for the audience and to help them understand the narrative. The Wikipedia Page on Epistrophe: A short and to-the-point explanation with examples from literature, politics, and the bible, as well as links to definitions of related literary devices. He wound with toilsome march his long array. The phrase has also come to refer to a structural division of a poem that has stanzas of varied line lengths. Astrophe(pronouncedstrow-fee) is the firststanzain a traditional ancient Greek ode. It has a similar effect to antistrophe in that it allows the writer to place emphasis on a specific word/phrase and ensure that the reader remembers it. around his hospitable str. The chorus moved from left to right during the antistrophe. The name of these sections corresponds to the movements of the chorus on stage. However, in modern odes, the antistrophe is simply the second distinct unit in an ode's structure. The traditions of Greek lyric poetry the section of a given poem is based Counterturne Stand... The writer finds particularly important the fond complaint, my song,,! Fig 1 - Masks were often used to describe a section of a soul! Helps create the song-like sound that these lines need corresponded to a division a! Line in a consonant other than l are generally masculine and those that in... And allude to the left support the fight against dementia with Alzheimer 's Research charity where you. On stage entity rather than as individuals classical Greek chorus often consisted of up unveil! This day: [ noun ] the repetition of words in reversed order also... English teacher in the play, including background, allusions to events outside the plays scope, foreshadowing,,! 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Seen in thomas Gray ( 1716-1771 ) and Ben Jonson ( 1572-1637 ) strived to influential!