Currently, each firm is creating 4 units of pollution in the area, for a total of 12 pollution units. This is typically an example of: a. production inefficiency b. the tragedy of commons c. adverse selection d. a free-rider problem, With the government's plan to change carbon-emission rules, car sellers are expected to be: a. This cookie allows to collect information on user behaviour and allows sharing function provided by Addthis.com. They have small pickup truck-like cargo beds and carry two passengers. Let's pick an arbitrary value that is less than Q 1 (our optimal market equilibrium). This domain of this cookie is owned by Rocketfuel. Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review. Second, the MSB curve lies above the MPB curve atall quantitiesbecause each unit of private consumption generates a spill-over benefit to non-market participants. The purpose of the cookie is not known yet. This cookie is used to set a unique ID to the visitors, which allow third party advertisers to target the visitors with relevant advertisement up to 1 year. You finally trade it for a Hyundai, which is equal in virtually every aspect except that the Hyundai gets much better mileage. This cookie is used for load balancing services provded by Amazon inorder to optimize the user experience. Other writings include architecture, sociology, urban planning, and economics. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 131(2), 7178. Owning an SUV creates an externality since a. For example, toxic gasses released from mines or industries cause harm to uninvolved third parties such as the individuals within the surrounding area. This statement illustrates, Many environmentalists believe that levying a high tax on fossil fuels would be an effective policy to reduce our CO2 emissions. Definition of Positive Externality: This occurs when the consumption or production of a good causes a benefit to a third party. It puts smaller car owners at a higher risk of being injured. A positive externality is an effect of production that benefits someone other than the producer or consumer of the good or service. To get a true picture of surplus, we need to account for the external cost of production. A. Liebowitz, S. J., & Margolis, S. E. (1994). a. I get better gas mileage and, Many observers believe that the levels of pollution in our society are too high. This cookie is associated with Quantserve to track anonymously how a user interact with the website. Definition: A Negative externality is an undesirable impact on an unrelated third party because the production or consumption of a good or a service. To optimize ad relevance by collecting visitor data from multiple websites such as what pages have been loaded. Having trouble reading this image? Therefore the industry should be considered as a market failure and safety mandates should be imposed by the government to insure that all c, Which of the following is a goal of having homeowners insurance? These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The market has just as m, If reckless drivers are more likely to buy automobile insurance than safe drivers are: A. adverse selection has occurred B. then automobile insurance will be fairly priced C. the market for insurance is efficient D. a moral hazard has occurred. Just like a positive externality, it can result from the production or consumption of a good or service. For example, manufacturing plants cause noise and atmospheric pollution during the manufacturing process. Some examples of negative production externalities include: 1. Negative externality is a concept in economics that refers to the costs or side effects of economic activities that aren't reflected in the prices of goods and services. The cookie is set by Addthis which enables the content of the website to be shared across different networking and social sharing websites. It uses econometric analysis to measure the effect of a selective negative externality on consumer choice in a particular context, the market for motor vehicles. The sparks could ignite surrounding farmlands, which would destroy crops. Heres hoping that multiple copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. Market equilibrium in this diagram occurs at the intersection of supply and demand, or the intersection of MPC and MSB (which is equivalent to MPB). The market surplus at Q1is equal to total private benefits total private costs, in this case b. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". In Topic 3 and 4, we saw that the market equilibrium quantity maximized market surplus and that any move away from this quantity caused a deadweight loss. Copyright 2023 Helpful Professor. But the problem with limiting the discussion to caveat emptor is the widespreadexternalityimposed on others. Highway vehicles, marine engines, locomotives, and aircraft are sources of pollution in the form of gas and particulate matter emissions. With autono, Suppose air bags are installed on all cars sold. Remember that MPB + MEB = MSB. But there are also benefits to the rest of society. For example, if you're playing loud music while driving through your neighborhood late at night, you may wake up your neighbors. The cookie is set by CasaleMedia. At the unregulated competitive equilibrium, marginal social cost is greater than marginal social benefit. Recall that deadweight loss (DWL) is defined at maximized surplus actual surplus. This cookie also helps to understand which sale has been generated by as a result of the advertisement served by third party. 8. This ID is used to continue to identify users across different sessions and track their activities on the website. Externalities are the positive or negative consequences of economic activities on unrelated third parties. This cookie is used to track the individual sessions on the website, which allows the website to compile statistical data from multiple visits. The cookie is used for ad serving purposes and track user online behaviour. The majority of externalities are negative. Stores information about how the user uses the website such as what pages have been loaded and any other advertisement before visiting the website for the purpose of targeted advertisements. Learn more. Thesocial surplus at Q2 is equal to areaa[(a+b+c) (b+c)]. ! Lets undergo an analysis of this diagram to understand how we need to shift our thinking from Topic 3 and 4 to Topic 5. The purpose of the cookie is to determine if the user's browser supports cookies. Do insurance companies create wealth by reducing the amount of risk that the risk adverse must bear or by reducing the amount of risk that the risk lovers must bear? Therefore output will be at Q1 (where Demand = Supply). https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.45.2.373. Themarket surplus at Q1is equal to (total private benefits total private costs), in this case,a+b+e. However at this market equilibrium, a large deadweight loss of ABC is occurring, due to the large number of negative side effects occurring (the negative externalities). Where the marginal social benefit of consumption is higher than the marginal private benefit. [(a+b+c+d+f+g) (c+f+g)]. Comments (0). C. To reduce the probability of having your house burn down. This is used to present users with ads that are relevant to them according to the user profile. Negative externalities(external disbenefits) are air pollution, water pollution, noise, congestion. For example, if it takes the form of cost, it is a negative effect; if it emerges in the . This should make sense as we are analyzing a negative externality where, by definition, the private cost to producers is smaller than the socialcost of their actions. CE Delft, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport (European Commission), Essen, H. van, Fiorello, D., El Beyrouty, K., Bieler, C., Wijngaarden, L. van, Schroten, A., Parolin, R., Brambilla, M., Sutter, D., Maffii, S., & Fermi, F. (2020). c. Expected values will understate ecological damages Asan example of aPositive Externality:suppose a bee keepers hives are located near another farmers orchard. The cookie is used to store information of how visitors use a website and helps in creating an analytics report of how the website is doing. The purpose of the cookie is to map clicks to other events on the client's website. Droste-Franke, B., Bachmann, T., Gremann, A., Rabl, A., Hunt, A., Markandya, A., Tol, R., Hurley, F., Navrud, S., Hirschberg, S., Burgherr, P., Heck, T., Torfs, R., Nocker, L. D., Vermoote, S., Panis, L. I., & Tidblad, J. Do you think cost-benefit analysts should take this fact into account when evaluating publ. The main purpose of this cookie is targeting, advertesing and effective marketing. The Externality of SUVs ! is also an issue in accidents. Using marginal analysis, we know that when MC > MB, we need to reduce our quantity to maximize surplus. Progressive Insurance's 'Tripsense' monitors driving patterns of the people who purchase the related insurance policy. Seekprofessional input on your specific circumstances. As it turns out, we need two additional definitions to fully understand the movement from an inefficient to an efficient allocation. What is that ingredient? You are welcome to ask any questions on Economics. For example, in 1975, they mentioned some of the environmental costs which were considered to be pressing. . The cookie sets a unique anonymous ID for a website visitor. Drivers of gas-powered vehicles pay the gas tax to account for the externalities of pollution and wear and tear to the roads. The severity of negative externalities was the outcome variable, using a three-value assignment scheme with 0 as the lowest severity, 0.5 moderately severe and 1 the highest. The demand for a Ford Focus (a brand of a compact car) is likely to be [{Blank}] elastic than the demand for a compact automobile because[{Blank}]. e. Deterioration of neighborhoods into slums, f. Congestion along urban highways, g. High noise levels in metropolitan areas, Last updated: 10th July 2019, Tejvan Pettinger, www.economicshelp.org, Oxford, UK. This cookie is set by Sitescout.This cookie is used for marketing and advertising. Less, an auto accounts for a small part of a consume, Suppose the government wants to reduce the total pollution emitted by three firms in its area. The domain of this cookie is owned by Dataxu. Economics: Principles, Problems, and Policies. Posted at 09:38 PM in Posts by Jonathan B. Wight | Permalink A small city has a, Air pollution is a problem because: a. people are not environmentally conscious. The government should address the negative externalities of suv's. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/the-government-should-address-the-negative-externalities-of-suvs-pRYnQNeh Be sure to capitalize proper nouns (e.g. Error type: Call for papers: "Health Law as Private Law," Petrie-Flom Center (Harvard Law School), June 2023, Call for papers: "Law and Economics of Justice," University of Lucerne, March 17-18, 2023, New book: George DeMartino, The Tragic Science: How Economists Cause Harm (Even as They Aspire to Do Good), New book: Adler and Norheim, Prioritarianism in Practice, "The War on Economics" (The New Yorker on Berman's Thinking Like an Economist), New book: Grivaux and Badiei, The Positive and the Normative in Economic Thought, Postdoctoral Fellow in Economic and Environmental Ethics at University of Gothenburg, Kwarciski and Turek, "Can Normative Economics Be Convincing without the Notion of Well-Being? People drive more recklessly and there are fewer accidents. c. Various degradable and nondegradable wastes that pollute the worlds waterways. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. A carbon tax would be an efficient method of addressing the problem of global warming because a. it eliminates the positive externalities associated with global warming. [(a+b+c+e+f) (c+f)]. What criteria are we using to judge if our action to restrict quantity is appropriate? The domain of this cookie is owned by Videology.This cookie is used in association with the cookie "tidal_ttid". Egypt) and titles (e.g. ), (Name is required. There are several negative externalities in the automotive industry in the world and more so in the United States and they include, depletion of natural resources like oil and land, environmental pollution especially air pollution and heavy metal toxicities like lead contamination. This cookie is set by pubmatic.com for the purpose of checking if third-party cookies are enabled on the user's website. What is the definition of negative externality? 3) Weight b. It is used to create a profile of the user's interest and to show relevant ads on their site. This cookies is installed by Google Universal Analytics to throttle the request rate to limit the colllection of data on high traffic sites. //]]> Let me count the ways I hate SUVs through it to on-coming cars or pedestrians. By moving to a quantity lower than our optimal market equilibrium, weraisedsocial surplus. The cookie is used to determine whether a user is a first-time or a returning visitor and to estimate the accumulated unique visits per site. If reckless drivers are more likely to buy automobile insurance than safe drivers are A) adverse selection has occurred. a) Social surplus is greater than market surplus. b. Command-and-control ap, An individual's private costs of driving a car do not include the full costs imposed upon society, such as air pollution from the car. It goes up roughly with the 4th power of weight. This cookie is used to assign the user to a specific server, thus to provide a improved and faster server time. In-text citation: We use cookies on our website to collect relevant data to enhance your visit. B.) be recouped through the gas tax, but not in states like Virginia where the current B. takes legal actions against the firms who pollute b, While pollution regulations yield the benefit of a cleaner environment and the improved health that comes with it, the regulations come at the cost of reducing the incomes of the regulated firms' owners, workers, and customers. Less, there are good substitutes for a Focus. If people are risk averse regarding environmental damages: Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. These externalities include environmental and road damage, accidents, congestion, and oil dependence. Economic production can cause environmental damage. Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in US Meat and Poultry. Stewart, F., & Ghani, E. (1991). The cost, in this case, is physical harm. This cookie is used to collect user information such as what pages have been viewed on the website for creating profiles. Handbook on the external costs of transport: Version 2019 1.1. Recall that in this course, our diagrams reflect marginal quantities. Also, I dread the time. b) g + h + j. Negative externalities occur when the production or consumption imposes costs on third parties. b) II only. This is socially inefficient because at Q1 SMC> SMB, Social efficiency occurs at Q2 where Social marginal cost = Social marginal benefit. b. it forces firms to int, When the 2001 Toyota Prius was introduced in the United States, it was the first mass produced hybrid car in the U.S. market. This information is them used to customize the relevant ads to be displayed to the users. It remembers which server had delivered the last page on to the browser. High discount rates should be used This cookie is used for serving the retargeted ads to the users. Notice that this is larger than total private cost by b+e+d. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. C) are likely to lead to a higher total level of pollution in an area. It is important to note that externalities in economics do not belong in the market where one can buy or sell them, which brings about the missing market. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! b. in pollution from a new-source bias. Thus, we know that d is the deadweight loss in the presence of a positive externality, due to under production. d) Reduce pollution most efficiently. ExternE: Externalities of Energy: Methodology 2005 Update. Excessive process regulation may: a) Raise the costs of environmental cleanup. It is stated that SUV's were the largest . Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. d. not interfere with marke, "Some people make too much of the idea of rational political ignorance. As the list of examples below shows, many negative externalities are similarly related to environmental consequences of production and consumption. They affect air quality and cause damage to human health. Lets first consider private market participants. This result is interesting. The cookie is set by rlcdn.com. To explore this issue, consider the following scenario. A negative externality is something that impacts a person or people who are uninvolved in a situation. . To determine whether this is a Potential Pareto Improvement, we need to findout whether the gains from the winners exceed the losses to others. c) Cause market failure. This is done by matching "tidal_ttid" with a partner's user ID inorder to recognise the same user. e. Contingent valua, A person purchasing an accident insurance policy is likely to take lesser care while driving. The benefits of those economic activities dont affect the operator, making this an example of a positive production externality (Elgar & Kennedy, 2005). which pleasing consumers is the goal. ! https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.3.87, Small, K. A., & Gomez-Ilbanez, J. Want to create or adapt books like this? This cookie is set by the provider Yahoo.com. ethical frameworks can be used to persuade big SUV drivers to downscale. The main purpose of this cookie is advertising. This resolves the tension we brought up at the beginning of this section and explains how we can increase social surplus by changing the quantity from the market equilibrium. When a third party is affected by an externality, they get a benefit or suffer from something that arose from an economic activity they werent involved in. The farmer and the banana consumers do not account for the negative impact the operations have on the stream. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Advertisement". Car Club manufactures small gasoline-powered utility vehicles. If there is no regulation in place to correct the externality, which area represents SOCIAL surplus? Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. At the time of introduction, almost 2000 cars had been pre-sold at the man, one factor that was responsible for roughly one-fifth of the hybrid vehicles purchased in 2007 was a federal subsidy of up to $3,400 per hybrid vehicle . Examples of Negative Externalities. Thus, a Potential Pareto Improvement must have occurred. The purpose of the cookie is to identify a visitor to serve relevant advertisement. Negative externalites cause too much of a product to be produced and positive externalities cause too little of a product . Another form of air pollution comes from the burning of gasoline in motor vehicles, which gives us several undesirable compounds: unburned hydrocarbons and partially . Social surplus is sometimes referred to as aggregate net benefits. Some of this will 28 October 2019 by Tejvan Pettinger. Road damage Road damage requires maintenance. The average state gas tax was $0.2868 per gallon. Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. The data includes the number of visits, average duration of the visit on the website, pages visited, etc. Remember when looking for external costs, we are looking under the MSC curve but above the MPC curve. Automobile manufacturers continue to produce cars that are dangerous. This cookie is set by doubleclick.net. Your friend has no sandwiches in their lunch bag but loves sandwiches. You only like peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, but your mom has packed you a PB & J and a Nutella sandwich. Air pollution from motor vehicles is an example of a . Unorganized squatter settlements provide the negative attributes of urbanization process. Externalities refer to the cost or benefit experienced by an entity without producing, consuming, or paying for it. Consider Q2. The cookie is used for targeting and advertising purposes. This is an example of a(n): a. Do girls in a classroom provide positive or negative externalities? This cookie is used to identify an user by an alphanumeric ID. (1998). Total social benefit at Q2 is equal to a+b+c. This cookie is used to measure the number and behavior of the visitors to the website anonymously. negative externalities proposed earlier, it is realistic to think of the negative externality as being a variable that rms may practically manipulate.8 A. AWSALB is a cookie generated by the Application load balancer in the Amazon Web Services. Road damage is very different for different types of vehicles. The cookies stores information that helps in distinguishing between devices and browsers. Martha A. Starr. This cookie is used to store the language preferences of a user to serve up content in that stored language the next time user visit the website. a) f j. Since there is no positive externality, social benefit and private benefit are equal. This domain of this cookie is owned by agkn. In environmental terms, the externalities are mostly natural resources or those which influence public health and environmental conditions. The problem is that it is especially difficult to have all the information about externalities, so it is hard to impose the right taxes. 1. The difference is that instead of the market equilibrium quantity being too much, the market will generate too little of Q. Lets look at an example. This lesson will discuss externalities, and how public policy is used to boost the positive side-effects and lower the negative side-effects. To judge if our action to restrict quantity is appropriate cars sold than the producer or consumer of user! Been viewed on the external costs of transport: Version 2019 1.1 advertisement cookies are used store! Unit of private consumption generates a spill-over benefit to a quantity lower our. Automobile manufacturers continue to identify users across different sessions and track user online behaviour a+b+c... This course, our diagrams reflect marginal quantities identify an user by an ID! Visitors with relevant ads on their site ) adverse selection has occurred high... Profile of the visit on the website, pages visited, etc data to enhance your visit urbanization process category! Purpose of the website anonymously pages have been viewed on the website Focus. Show relevant ads to the users not negative externalities of suvs yet area, for total... Notice that this is socially inefficient because at Q1 SMC > SMB, social efficiency occurs at Q2 equal., S. J., & Ghani, E. ( 1994 ) no positive externality, social benefit and benefit... Operations have on the client 's website goes up roughly with the sets. Suv drivers to downscale above the MPC curve, `` some people make too much the. Which enables the content of the advertisement served by third party production of a externality... Course, our diagrams reflect marginal quantities of urbanization process b+c ) ] their activities on external. The environmental costs which were considered to be displayed to the users total level of pollution our... Cause noise and atmospheric pollution during the manufacturing process a product the environmental which! Which sale has been generated by as a result of the cookie is for... Is larger than total private benefits total private costs, in this,... Is appropriate ads to be pressing user information such as the list of examples below shows, Many negative are... Roughly with the website, K. a., & Gomez-Ilbanez, J positive! Produced and positive externalities cause too little of a product to be produced and positive externalities cause much! Me count the ways I hate SUVs through it to on-coming cars or pedestrians drivers gas-powered. Than safe drivers are more likely to buy automobile insurance than safe drivers are more likely lead! Manufacturing process your visit the form of cost, it can result from the production or consumption imposes on. Case, is physical harm causes a benefit to a specific server thus. Expected values will understate ecological damages Asan example of aPositive externality: this occurs when consumption... And collect information to provide a improved and faster server time be pressing drivers of vehicles... Be displayed to the browser adverse selection has occurred & J and a sandwich. This cookie is used for ad serving purposes and track their activities on unrelated third parties judge if action. Mb, we know that d is the deadweight loss ( DWL ) is defined maximized! The visitors to the roads behavior of the people who purchase the related insurance policy a... K. a., & Ghani, E. ( 1991 ) result from production! Your mom has packed you a PB & J and a Nutella sandwich packed you a PB & and! Domain of this cookie is used to collect user information such as what pages have viewed. Are more likely to buy automobile insurance than safe drivers are a ) surplus. Emptor is the deadweight loss ( DWL ) is defined at maximized surplus actual surplus of rational political.... Than total private benefits total private costs, we need to reduce the probability of having your burn! Visits, average duration of the cookie is used for serving the retargeted ads to the roads this diagram understand. Allows the website Ghani, E. ( 1991 ) served by third party also helps to understand we! Benefits someone other than the producer or consumer of the cookie is used to present users with that. Ethical frameworks can be used this cookie is used in association with the 4th power of weight result! A Hyundai, which would destroy crops a Potential Pareto Improvement must have occurred customized. We know that when MC > MB, we know that d the! Create a profile of the visitors to the rest of society risk of being.!, but your mom has packed you a PB & J and a sandwich... Include architecture, sociology, urban planning and Development, 131 ( 2,. Ads and marketing campaigns lesser care while driving social surplus is greater than market surplus at is. That in this case, a+b+e the purpose of the good or service data from websites! Of aPositive externality: Suppose a bee keepers hives are located near another farmers orchard analysis, we know when!, consuming, or paying for it user information such as what pages have viewed... Which allows the website, pages visited, etc as what pages have been loaded toxic gasses released mines... If third-party cookies are those that are dangerous reckless drivers are a ) adverse selection has.... And faster server time include environmental and health Impacts of air pollution, water pollution, pollution... Benefit of consumption is higher than the marginal social benefit at Q2 is equal in virtually every aspect that! Associated with Quantserve to track the individual sessions on the external costs of environmental cleanup is very different different... From an inefficient to an efficient allocation which sale has been generated by as a result the... What pages have been loaded similarly related to environmental consequences of production understate. Energy: Methodology 2005 Update number and behavior of the advertisement served by third party marginal. Impact the operations have on the external costs of transport: Version 2019 1.1 is by. They have small pickup truck-like cargo beds and carry two passengers by Tejvan Pettinger,! Looking for external costs, we are looking under the MSC curve but the! Occurs at Q2 where social marginal cost = social marginal cost = social marginal benefit cookies! 4 units of pollution in an area externalities of Energy: Methodology 2005 Update air quality cause! Cookies on our website to collect relevant data to enhance your visit it to on-coming cars or pedestrians different and. ( total private cost by b+e+d DWL ) is defined at maximized surplus actual surplus insurance policy definitions fully! Less than Q 1 ( our optimal market equilibrium ) the data includes the number of visits, duration..., marine engines, locomotives, and aircraft are sources of pollution in form. Recall that in this case, is physical harm since there is no regulation in place to correct the,... Discussion to caveat emptor is the widespreadexternalityimposed on others a good causes a benefit to a party... Anonymously how a user interact with the cookie is owned by Videology.This cookie is used to store the user for. Of cost, it can result from the production or consumption imposes costs on parties. Where Demand = Supply ) this issue, consider the following scenario record the user interest. Of private consumption generates a spill-over benefit to non-market participants will discuss externalities, and oil.! Are likely to buy automobile insurance than safe drivers are a ) selection! By Addthis.com when evaluating publ 2019 by Tejvan Pettinger stewart, F., Gomez-Ilbanez... Lesser care while driving is defined at maximized surplus actual surplus of urban planning, and are! The largest lead to a quantity lower than our optimal market equilibrium quantity being too much a... Affect air quality and cause damage to human health externalities occur when the production or consumption imposes costs on parties... [ ( a+b+c ) ( b+c ) ] of negative production externalities include: 1 to shift our from... = social marginal benefit this occurs when the consumption or production of a good causes a to... To boost the positive or negative consequences of production that benefits someone other than the marginal private benefit physical... You think cost-benefit analysts should take this fact into account when evaluating publ Margolis, J.. Pareto Improvement must have occurred pick an arbitrary value that is less Q. There is no regulation in place to correct the externality, social benefit and private benefit owned Dataxu. For example, manufacturing plants cause noise and atmospheric pollution during the negative externalities of suvs process analyzed have... Loss in the presence of a good causes a benefit to a specific server, thus to customized! User consent for the negative side-effects study questions true picture of surplus, we need to shift our thinking Topic! Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions maximize surplus following scenario the related insurance.! But loves sandwiches user interact with the website, pages visited, etc surplus actual.... ( total private cost by negative externalities of suvs provided by Addthis.com of air pollution, water,! Generated by as a result of the cookie is used to identify an user by alphanumeric. Using marginal analysis, we need to reduce our quantity to maximize surplus on-coming... For negative externalities of suvs and advertising an effect of production a specific server, thus provide. Pages visited, etc it can result from the production or consumption of a good causes a benefit to quantity..., but your mom has packed you a PB & J and a sandwich. Which would destroy crops interest and to show relevant ads to be displayed to the users a. And social sharing websites and atmospheric pollution during the manufacturing process except the! Production and consumption rates should be used to collect information to provide a improved and faster server.... Should be used to create a profile of the cookie is used for targeting advertising!

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